{ "slug": "gss-sexual-morality-2024", "source_label": "GSS (2024) — Sexual-morality trio (homosex + xmarsex + premarsx)", "source_url": "https:\/\/gss.norc.org\/get-the-data\/", "license": "Public domain (NSF-funded, NORC at the University of Chicago)", "fielded_at": "2024-06-01", "methodology": "survey", "n_respondents": 3309, "disclosure": { "license": "Public domain (NSF-funded). Required citation: Davern, Michael; Bautista, Rene; Freese, Jeremy; Herd, Pamela; and Morgan, Stephen L. General Social Survey 1972-2024. NORC ed., Chicago, 2025.", "weights": "Weighted to wtssps (NORC's recommended GSS 2024 post-stratification weight, person-level). The published 1-5 means are the weighted raw means after the 4-pt 1+(raw-1)·4\/3 remap; the published distributions are weighted percentages of each ordinal code.", "screener": "GSS uses an address-based national probability sample of U.S. adults 18+. The 2024 cross-section ran mixed-mode (in-person + web push). No content screener. Sampling frame and selection probability are documented in the GSS 2024 Codebook R3 (NORC). All three items are on the larger ballot share (per-item n ≈ 2,115-2,189 of the wave's 3,309 total). Don't-know \/ no-answer respondents drop from each variable's n per the standard GSS convention for these 4-pt morality items.", "fieldwork": "United States, 2024 cross-section. Fieldwork March–November 2024 per the GSS 2024 Codebook R3 (page 1). Modes: in-person and web push (push-to-web for the subsample without prior in-person contact).", "coding_rules": "Closed-ended Likert, no FGI. No moderator guide. Each respondent rates each item independently in the same wave. premarsx has run since 1972, xmarsex since 1973, homosex since 1973 — all three with the same stem template and the same 4-pt value labels. The wording is 'wrong only sometimes' in the codebook; we collapse the 'only' for the distribution key label.", "likert_labels": "All three items share the codebook value set. 1 = 'always wrong' (least tolerant), 2 = 'almost always wrong', 3 = 'wrong only sometimes', 4 = 'not wrong at all' (most tolerant). SSR rescale 1 + (raw − 1) × 4\/3 maps the raw 1-4 axis onto SSR 1-5 with higher = more tolerant on both axes (raw 1→1.0, raw 2→2.33, raw 3→3.67, raw 4→5.0). NB this is the INVERSE direction from the SATJOB fixture, where raw 1 was the most positive answer.", "question_text": "homosex (codebook verbatim): \"What about sexual relations between two adults of the same sex — do you think it is always wrong, almost always wrong, wrong only sometimes, or not wrong at all?\" xmarsex: \"What is your opinion about a married person having sexual relations with someone other than the marriage partner — is it always wrong, almost always wrong, wrong only sometimes, or not wrong at all?\" premarsx: \"If a man and a woman have sex relations before marriage, do you think it is always wrong, almost always wrong, wrong only sometimes, or not wrong at all?\"" }, "questions": [ { "question_template_slot": "gss2024_sex_homosex", "prompt_text": "What about sexual relations between two adults of the same sex — do you think it is always wrong, almost always wrong, wrong only sometimes, or not wrong at all?", "ground_truth_mean": 3.462, "ground_truth_ci_lower": 3.383, "ground_truth_ci_upper": 3.54, "ground_truth_sd": 1.846, "ground_truth_skewness": -0.484, "ground_truth_shape": "multimodal-symmetric", "ground_truth_distribution": { "1_always_wrong_pct": 33.6, "2_almost_always_pct": 3.8, "3_sometimes_wrong_pct": 6.8, "4_not_wrong_at_all_pct": 55.7 }, "n_respondents": 2125, "weighting_notes": "Weighted to wtssps (NORC GSS 2024 post-stratification). 4-pt remap 1+(raw-1)·4\/3 with raw 1=always wrong, raw 4=not wrong at all. Sharply bimodal (33.6% absolute condemnation + 55.7% absolute tolerance; only 10.6% in the middle two cells) — a shape an SD\/skew chip surfaces and a single mean hides. Distribution as weighted percentages." }, { "question_template_slot": "gss2024_sex_xmarsex", "prompt_text": "What is your opinion about a married person having sexual relations with someone other than the marriage partner — is it always wrong, almost always wrong, wrong only sometimes, or not wrong at all?", "ground_truth_mean": 1.663, "ground_truth_ci_lower": 1.615, "ground_truth_ci_upper": 1.71, "ground_truth_sd": 1.138, "ground_truth_skewness": 1.607, "ground_truth_shape": "right-skewed", "ground_truth_distribution": { "1_always_wrong_pct": 69.6, "2_almost_always_pct": 15.7, "3_sometimes_wrong_pct": 10.1, "4_not_wrong_at_all_pct": 4.6 }, "n_respondents": 2189, "weighting_notes": "Weighted to wtssps. 4-pt remap. The least-tolerant cell in the catalogue at SSR 1.66 — 69.6% 'always wrong' is the highest absolute-condemnation share across every fixture. Distribution as weighted percentages." }, { "question_template_slot": "gss2024_sex_premarsx", "prompt_text": "If a man and a woman have sex relations before marriage, do you think it is always wrong, almost always wrong, wrong only sometimes, or not wrong at all?", "ground_truth_mean": 4, "ground_truth_ci_lower": 3.934, "ground_truth_ci_upper": 4.065, "ground_truth_sd": 1.539, "ground_truth_skewness": -1.173, "ground_truth_shape": "bimodal-asymmetric", "ground_truth_distribution": { "1_always_wrong_pct": 17.3, "2_almost_always_pct": 5.3, "3_sometimes_wrong_pct": 12.5, "4_not_wrong_at_all_pct": 64.9 }, "n_respondents": 2115, "weighting_notes": "Weighted to wtssps. 4-pt remap. Sits at SSR 4.00 — the most-tolerant of the three sexual-morality items. 'Not wrong at all' is the modal answer at 64.9%. Distribution as weighted percentages." } ] }